The State-Space Problem
Large computational systems can have state spaces so large that exact recurrence is practically irrelevant. Even when a recurrence is possible in principle, the path through the space is constrained by dynamics, energy, locality, and history.
That is a better frame than treating life as repeated coin tosses. The sequence of conditions that produced a living system is not just a random draw from a neat list of alternatives.
Computation And Irreversibility
Cellular automata, combinatory systems, and Lisp-like code/data models all make the same lesson visible: rules acting on state can create trajectories that are easy to run forward and difficult to invert or replay exactly.
Thermodynamics adds the physical version of that lesson. Real processes dissipate, couple to their environment, and accumulate history.
The Useful Question
The article does not need to claim whether Earth is alone. The useful question is how much structure, path dependence, and constraint are hidden when rare events are described only as probability slogans.